Shaandhada bacaha iyo filtarrada kartoonada waxaa loo isticmaalaa codsiyo kala duwan, laga bilaabo hababka warshadaha ilaa biyaha
daaweynta iyo isticmaalka guriga.Tusaalooyinka caadiga ah qaarkood waa:
filtarrada Kartridge: shaandhaynta biyaha gala guriga ama shaandhada saliidda baabuurta
Shaandhada bacda: bacda nadiifiyaha vacuum
Shaandhooyinka bacda
Shaandhooyinka bacaha waxaa lagu qeexaa sida shaandhada dharka ah ee loogu talagalay ugu horrayn si looga saaro walxaha yaryar
dareereyaal.Shaandhada bacdabadanaa waa kuwo aan adag, la tuuri karo, oo si sahlan loo beddeli karo.
Shaandhada bacdu waxay caadi ahaan ku jiraan weelka cadaadiska.
Shaandhada bacaha waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si gaar ah ama sida bacaha kala duwan ee markabka.
Dheecaannada sida caadiga ah waxay ka soo qulqulaan gudaha bacda ilaa dibadda.
Codsiga aasaasiga ah ee filtarrada bacaha ee daaweynta biyaha waa in meesha laga saaro oocysts Cryptosporidiumiyo/ama Fiix Giardia oo ka yimaada isha biyaha.Shaandhada bacdasida caadiga ah ha ka saarin bakteeriyada, fayraska, ama colloid ganaax ah.
cysts Giardia iyo Cryptosporidium oocysts waa protozoan laga helo biyaha.Waxay keeni karaanshuban iyo dhibaatooyin kale oo la xiriira caafimaadka haddii la dhuuqo.
Isticmaalka xinjirowga dhiigga ama jaakad hore oo leh filtarrada bacaha inta badan laguma talinayo tan iyo markii meesha laga saarayMaaddada qaybtu waxay ku salaysan tahay cabbirka daloolada dhammaystiran ee shaandhada halkii laga samayn lahaa horumarinta lakabka dusha sare ee shaandhada si kor loogu qaado awooddeeda saarista.Sidaa darteed, xinjirowga ama ajaakad hore waxay kordhisaa luminta cadaadiska iyada oo loo marayo shaandhada, taas oo lagama maarmaan u ah shaandhada soo noqnoqdais dhaafsi.
Codsiyada
Warshadaha
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, sifaynta bacaha iyo shaandhaynta kartoonada ayaa si aad ah loogu isticmaalaa ujeedooyinka warshadaha marka loo eego daaweynta biyaha.Isticmaalka warshadaha waxaa ka mid ah shaandhaynta dareeraha habka iyo soo kabashada adkaha.
Habka shaandhaynta dareerahashaandhaynta dareeraha habka waa nadiifinta dareeraha marka la saarowax adag oo aan loo baahnayn.Dheecaannada habraaca waxa ku jira dareere loo isticmaalo in lagu qaboojiyo ama lagu subiyo qalabka.Gudahaqalabka farsamada, ama inta lagu jiro farsamaynta dareeraha, walxaha qayb ka mid ah ayaa urursan kara.Si loo ilaaliyo nadiifnimada dareeraha, qaybaha waa in la saaraa.Saliidda saliidda ee baabuurkaaga ayaa tusaale fiican u ah filtarka kartoonada ee loo isticmaalo in lagu ilaaliyo tayada dareeraha hab-socodka.
Ka Saaridda Adag/Soo kabashadaCodsiga kale ee warshadaha ayaa ku jira soo kabashada adkaha.Soo kabashada adag waala sameeyo si looga soo kabsado adka la jecel yahay ee dareeraha ama "sidiif" dareeraha ka hor inta aan la soo dhaafindaaweynta, isticmaalka, ama dheecaanka.Tusaale ahaan, qaar ka mid ah hawlaha macdanta ayaa isticmaali doona biyaha si ay u gudbiyaanmacdanta laga soo qodo goob ilaa goob.Ka dib marka uu busku yimaado meesha la rabo, waa la sifeeyaa si looga saaro badeecada la rabo biyaha side.
Daaweynta Biyaha
Waxaa jira saddex codsi oo guud oo loogu talagalay shaandhaynta bacaha ama sifaynta kartoonada ee warshadda biyaha.Waxay kala yihiin:
1. Sifeynta biyaha dusha sare ama biyaha dhulka hoostiisa iyadoo la raacayo saameynta biyaha dusha sare.
2. Sifeynta ka hor daaweynta dambe.
3. Ka saarida adag.
Xeerka Daawaynta Biyaha Dusha sare (SWTR) U hoggaansanaanta: shaandhada bacda iyo filtarrada kartoonada ayaa loo isticmaali karaaBixi shaandhaynta biyaha dusha sare ama biyaha dhulka hoostooda ee saamaynta biyaha dusha sare ah.Marka la eego dabeecadda filtarrada bacaha iyo filtarrada kartoonada, codsigoodu waxay u badan tahay inay ku xaddidan yihiin nidaamyo yaryar oo leh ilo tayo sare leh.Shaandhada bacaha iyo filtarrada kartoonada ayaa loo isticmaalaa:Giardia cyst iyo ka saarida oocyst Cryptosporidium
Turbidity
HordhacShaandhooyinka bacda iyo miirayaasha kartoonada ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa horudhac ahaan ka hor hababka kale ee daaweynta.Tusaale ahaan hababka filter-ka xuubabka ee isticmaala bac ama kartridge prefilter si ay xuubabka uga ilaaliyaan qashin kasta oo weyn oo laga yaabo inuu ku jiro biyaha quudinta.
Nidaamyada shaandhada boorsada ama kartoonada intooda badan waxay ka kooban yihiin horudhac, shaandheyn kama dambays ah, iyo furayaasha lagama maarmaanka ah, cabbiraadaha, mitirka, qalabka quudinta kiimikaad, iyo falanqeeyayaasha khadka.Mar labaad, maadaama nidaamyada shaandhada bacaha iyo kartoonada ay yihiin kuwo gaar u ah soo-saareyaal, sharraxaadahani waxay noqon doonaan kuwo guud-dabiiciga-nidaamyada shaqsiga ahi wax yar ayay kaga duwanaan karaan sharraxaadaha hoose.
Hordhac
Si shaandhada looga saaro protozoan-ka dulin sida Giardia iyo Cryptosporidium, cabbirka daloolka miirayaashu waa inuu ahaadaa mid aad u yar.Maadaama ay badanaa jiraan qaybo kale oo waaweyn oo biyaha ku jira oo la quudiyonidaamka filter, ka saarista walxahan waaweyn ee shaandhada bacda ama filtarka kartoonada waxay u muuqanaysaa inay si weyn u gaabinayso noloshooda waxtarka leh.
Si loo yareeyo dhibaatadan, soosaarayaal badan ayaa ku dhisa nidaamkooda prefilter.Shaandheeyaha horudhaca ah wuxuu noqon karaa bac ama shaandhaynta kartoonada ee cabbirka daloolka ka weyn kan shaandhada u dambeeya.Filter-ku wuxuu dabiniyaa qaybaha waaweyn wuxuuna ka ilaaliyaa in lagu daro shaandhada kama dambaysta ah.Tani waxay kordhinaysaa cadadka biyaha ee lagu sifeyn karo shaandhada kama dambaysta ah.
Sida aan soo sheegnay, horudhacu wuxuu leeyahay cabbir dalool ka weyn kan shaandhada u dambeeya wuxuuna sidoo kale u janjeeraa inuu aad uga qaalisan yahay shaandhada kama dambaysta ah.Tani waxay kaa caawinaysaa in la ilaaliyo kharashyada hawlgalka ee bacda ama nidaamka sifaynta kartoonadasida ugu hooseeya ee suurtogalka ah.Inta jeer ee beddelka prefilter-ka waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa tayada biyaha quudinta.
Waxaa suurtogal ah in bacda hore loo isticmaalo nidaamka shaandhaynta kartoojka ama kartridge prefilter loo isticmaalo nidaamka shaandhaynta bacda, laakiin sida caadiga ah nidaamka shaandhaynta bacdu waxa uu isticmaali doonaa prefilter bac iyo nidaamka shaandhaynta kartoojku waxa uu isticmaali doonaa prefilter kartridge.
Shaandhayso
Tallaabada hordhaca ah ka dib biyuhu waxay ku qulquli doonaan shaandhada kama dambaysta ah, in kasta oo hababka sifaynta qaarkood laga yaabo inay isticmaalaan tillaabooyin sifeyn badan.Shaandhaynta kama dambaysta ahi waa shaandhada loogu talagalay in laga saaro wasakhowga la beegsanayo.
Sida aan soo sheegnay, filtarkani waxa uu u muuqdaa mid aad qaali u ah sababtoo ah cabbirkiisa daloolka yar waxa uuna mari karaa habab wax soo saar oo adag si loo xaqiijiyo awooda uu u leeyahay in uu meesha ka saaro wasakhowga la beegsanayo.
Nidaamyada sifeynta bacda iyo kartoonada waxaa loo habeyn karaa siyaabo badan oo kala duwan.Qaabeynta la doortay waxay ku xiran tahay dhowr arrimood oo ay ku jiraan tayada biyaha isha iyo awoodda wax soo saarka ee la doonayo.
Nidaamyada Shaandheynta Bac
Nidaamyada shaandhaynta bacdu waxay ku iman karaan qaabab kala duwan.Habayn kasta, PA DEP waxay u baahan doontaa dib-u-dhis buuxa dhammaan heerarka shaandhada.
Nidaamyada Shaandheynta Keliya:Hal nidaam shaandhayn ayaa laga yaabaa inay xoogaa naadir ku tahay daaweynta biyahacodsi.Hal nidaam shaandhada ayaa kaliya lagu dabaqi karaa nidaamyada aadka u yar ee leh ail biyo ah oo tayo sare leh.
Filter-ka Dambe ee Nidaamyada Filterka:Waxaa laga yaabaa in qaabeynta ugu caansan ee anidaamka filter bacwaa shaandhayn horudhac ah - isku darka shaandhada dambe.Adigoo isticmaalaya prefilter si aad uga saarto qaybaha waaweyn, rarka shaandhada kama dambaysta ah si weyn ayaa loo dhimi karaa waxaana la xaqiijin karaa kaydka kharashka badan.
Nidaamyada Shaandheynta Badan:Shaandhaynta dhexdhexaadka ah waxaa la dhex dhigayaa hor-filterka iyo shaandhada ugu dambeysa.
Tallaabo kasta oo sifeyntu waxay ka fiicnaan doontaa tallaabadii hore.
Kala shaandhaynta:Qaar ka mid ah nidaamyada shaandhaynta shandadu waxay isticmaalaan in ka badan hal bac halkii guri shaandhada.Kuwaasi waaloo tixraaco sida filter arrays.Nidaamyada shaandhadan waxay u oggolaanayaan heerarka socodka socodka oo sarreeya iyo waqtiyo ka dheer oo socdanidaamyada leh halbac guri kasta.
Waqtiga boostada: Jan-22-2024